We live in paradoxical times. Scientific advice is asked for all serious problems, whether they concern new health threats such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or new opportunities such as genetically modified food and crops. But as soon as advice is given, citizens, politicians, and non governmental organizations comment on, criticize, or lend additional support to the scientists’ report. The cases in which scientific advice is asked most urgently are those in which the authority of science is questioned most thoroughly. In other cases the authority of science seems unaffected by the decrease in the social esteem of the scientists, and the institution of science is often called upon in political disputes. As Peter Weingart (1999) has put it, science becomes politicized when it is called upon in political matters. [download]
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