Biotechnology is generating the knowledge and skills for modifying all forms of life plant, animal, human, and microbial. It is enabling researchers to map the genetic composition of organisms and identify the functions of their genes, and to determine the roles that selected genes play in creating proteins that, in turn, establish the physical and biological traits of the organisms. With this knowledge, researchers are then able to conceptualize modified versions of selected organisms that would be endowed with new traits, such as various species of plants, and undertake a process that subsequently involves splicing new genetic material into the genomes of the plants to modify their genetic composition and proteins. If successful, the redesigned plants will have the new intended characteristics. Thus, the scientific approach to agriculture pioneered by Mendel and others in the nineteenth century is dramatically amplified by biotechnology. [download]
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