Access to land and the ability to make effective use of it are critical to the welfare of poor people worldwide. Since land is a key asset for the rural and urban poor, land policies are of fundamental importance for economic activity, poverty reduction, sustainable management, and the well-being of households. In the last decades, many countries inAfricahave undertaken land reform in one guise or another, aimed at enhancing the security of property rights (Alden Wily 2003). Despite converging aims, these reforms have varied significantly in the methods applied to achieve them. In the first decades after independence, mainstream land reform ideology held that agricultural productivity was inhibited by customary law unreflexive to an agriculture that was capitalizing and adopting new technologies, and would increase through the creation of individual property rights. [download]
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